情态动词 "can" 对我们来说再熟悉不过,但却也最常被误用。本文将简单介绍几个 "can" 的正确使用方法,希望有助您摆脱误用的困扰。
1. Can(能够)
I can speak English.
He can play the guitar.
"Can" 在此强调主语对象有完成某事的能力。请记得,"can" 的过去式就要改成 "could",如:
I could run 100 meters in 12 seconds when I was 16 years old.
2. Can(可以)
You can sing here.
She can play basketball in the classroom.
"Can" 在此强调主语被赋予完成某事的许可。一般而言,"can" 用作许可含义时,会指定许可适用情境。如果不想文章中频繁出现 "can",您可以使用以下同义动词来替代:
Allow(允许)、Permit(许可)、Authorize(授权)、Sanction(批准)
前两个动词较生活化,而后两个动词则较为正式。情态动词 "can" 后面接原形动词,而上述这些动词则要调整成被动语气:
You are allowed to sing here.
She is permitted to play basketball in the classroom.
3. Can(也许)
It can rain.
"Can" 在此有 "might" 的意涵,用来讨论一件可能发生的事情。
4. Can(征求许可)
Can I play the piano here?
通常,"主语 + can " 是陈述句,而 "can + 主语"代表疑问句。"Could" 跟 "can" 在表示询问时可以混用,但 "can" 比较随兴,"could" 则比较正式,如下:
Could you help me move this chair?
5. Can(询问可能性)
Can he win this competition?
"Can" 也可以用来询问可能性。"Could" 同样可以与 "can" 混用,不过前者代表可能性较低的意思。此句用 "can" 意涵主语对象有机会赢,甚至赢面不小;若改成 "could" 则意涵赢面较小了。
6. Cannot(无法、不能)
He cannot swim.
He cannot eat after a surgery.
"Cannot" 是 "can" 的否定形式,无论意指没有能力或不允许,英文都是用 "cannot"。注意,许多人往往把 "cannot" 拆成两个词 "can not"。前者是单一合成词,可以写缩为 "can't"。与 "can" 一样,"cannot" 后面接动词原形。另外,有些人会写 "don't/doesn't/didn't can",这是不对的。
7. "Can" 的其他意思
作为名词,"can" 有铁罐或罐头的意思;口语上则有监狱、厕所、炒鱿鱼的意思,如下:
He got canned for stealing company assets and will now spend 5 years in the can.(他因偷盗公司资产被炒鱿鱼,并将吃5年牢饭。)